Construction of Science and Technology Support System for Public Health Emergencies in China

China’s science and technology support system has played a significant role in fighting public health emergencies. In this study, we summarize the construction status of China’s science and technology support system for emergencies from the aspects of (1) layout of scientific research bases and platforms, (2) application of big data technology, (3) science and technology investment in public health, and (4) transformation of scientific and technological achievements. Subsequently, we analyze the challenges for the construction of the support system in China in comparison with developed countries that are advanced regarding medical science and technology. To solve the problems of weak foundation of basic medical research and lack of key core technologies, we suggest to strengthen the synergy of universities, medical institutions, and science and technology enterprises. This will improve China’s basic medical research ability and promote the research and development of original pharmaceutical products and diagnostic reagents. In view of the lack of bases and platform facilities in China, we suggest to strengthen the construction of national biological resource sample centers and build self-supported data and information sharing platforms. As for insufficient investment in public health and an imperfect personnel system, we suggest to enhance the leading role of the National Academy of Medical Sciences, increase the input of public health, and improve the personnel evaluation, reserve, and training mechanisms.