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Immune response against Clostridioides difficile and translation to therapy
- Source :
- Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- SAGE Publications, 2021.
-
Abstract
- The pathogenesis of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) has largely been attributed to the action of two major toxins – A and B. An enhanced systemic humoral immune response against these toxins has been shown to be protective against recurrent CDI. Over the years, fully human monoclonal antibodies against both of these toxins have been developed in an attempt to counter the increasing incidence of recurrent CDI. Clinical trials conducted to evaluate the efficacy of anti-toxin A monoclonal antibody, actoxumab, and anti-toxin B monoclonal antibody, bezlotoxumab, demonstrated that bezlotoxumab substantially lowered the rate of recurrent infection, while actoxumab did not. A significant therapeutic benefit was appreciated in patients with at least one high-risk factor for recurrence, including, age ⩾65 years, immunocompromised state, prior CDI and severe CDI. In light of toxins A and B being immunogenic, vaccine trials are underway with the aim to prevent primary infection.
- Subjects :
- 0301 basic medicine
genetic structures
030106 microbiology
diarrhea
Review
C difficile
Pathogenesis
03 medical and health sciences
0302 clinical medicine
Immune system
Immunity
Medicine
Clostridioides difficile Infection: Approaching a Difficult Menace
030212 general & internal medicine
bezlotoxumab
business.industry
pathogenesis
Gastroenterology
Translation (biology)
Clostridium difficile
immunity
Diarrhea
Bezlotoxumab
Immunology
medicine.symptom
business
Clostridioides
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 17562848 and 1756283X
- Volume :
- 14
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....ae5a58542101cf5e58cf76bc461ed702