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Evidence for differentiation of the most primitive small bodies

Authors :
Pierre Vernazza
Tadeusz Michalowski
Bin Yang
Matti Viikinkoski
Brian Warner
Agnieszka Kryszczyńska
Alexis Drouard
Alexander Storrs
Franck Marchis
J. Grice
François Colas
Patrick Michel
Laurent Jorda
Romain Fétick
Przemyslaw Bartczak
Arthur Vigan
Josef Ďurech
Marc Neveu
Frédéric Vachier
Julie Castillo-Rogez
Emmanuel Jehin
Michael Marsset
Josef Hanus
Nicolas Rambaux
Josselin Desmars
Mikko Kaasalainen
Marin Ferrais
Jérôme Berthier
Olivier Witasse
Philippe Lamy
Zouhair Benkhaldoun
E. Podlewska-Gaca
Fabrice Cipriani
Grzegorz Dudziński
Thierry Fusco
Raoul Behrend
Christophe Dumas
Anna Marciniak
Mirel Birlan
M. Pajuelo
Paolo Tanga
Benoit Carry
T. Santana-Ros
Mark A. Wieczorek
Joseph Louis LAGRANGE (LAGRANGE)
Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS)
COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur
Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM)
Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Institut de Mécanique Céleste et de Calcul des Ephémérides (IMCCE)
Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris
Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Lille-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
University of Maryland [College Park]
University of Maryland System
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC)
Institute of Astronomy [Prague]
Charles University [Prague]
Space Sciences, Technologies and Astrophysics Research Institute (STAR)
Université de Liège
Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences [MIT, Cambridge] (EAPS)
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Department of Mathematics [Tampere]
Tampere University of Technology [Tampere] (TUT)
Astronomical Observatory [Poznan]
Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań (UAM)
Geneva Observatory
University of Geneva [Switzerland]
Oukaimeden Observatory
University of Cadi Ayyad (UCA)
Astronomical Institute of Romanian Academy
Romanian Academy
Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)
NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH)
European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC)
European Space Agency (ESA)
Institut Polytechnique des Sciences Avancées (IPSA)
Thirty Meter Telescope Observatory
The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU)
University of Tampere [Finland]
HELIOS - LATMOS
Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS)
Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)
SETI Institute
Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú (PUCP)
Institute of Physics [Szczecin]
University of Szczecin
Universidad de Alicante
Institut de Ciencies del Cosmos (ICCUB)
Universitat de Barcelona (UB)
Towson University [Towson, MD, United States]
Center for Solar System Studies (CS3)
European Southern Observatory (ESO)
Czech Science Foundation
Charles University (Czech Republic)
Generalitat de Catalunya
Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España)
National Science Foundation (US)
Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Física, Ingeniería de Sistemas y Teoría de la Señal
Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS)
COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur
COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Charles University [Prague] (CU)
Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE)
Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)
Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA)
Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú = Pontifical Catholic University of Peru (PUCP)
Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS)
COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur
COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Tampere University
Computing Sciences
Source :
Astronomy and Astrophysics-A&A, Astronomy and Astrophysics-A&A, EDP Sciences, 2021, (in press), Astronomy and Astrophysics-A&A, 2021, 650, A129 (15pp.). ⟨10.1051/0004-6361/202140342⟩, RUA. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Alicante, Universidad de Alicante (UA), Astronomy and Astrophysics-A&A, EDP Sciences, 2021, 650, A129 (15pp.). ⟨10.1051/0004-6361/202140342⟩, Digital.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC, instname
Publication Year :
2021
Publisher :
HAL CCSD, 2021.

Abstract

Carri, B., et al.<br />[Context] Dynamical models of Solar System evolution have suggested that the so-called P- and D-type volatile-rich asteroids formed in the outer Solar System beyond Neptune's orbit and may be genetically related to the Jupiter Trojans, comets, and small Kuiper belt objects (KBOs). Indeed, the spectral properties of P- and D-type asteroids resemble that of anhydrous cometary dust. Aims. We aim to gain insights into the above classes of bodies by characterizing the internal structure of a large P- and D-type asteroid. [Methods] We report high-angular-resolution imaging observations of the P-type asteroid (87) Sylvia with the Very Large Telescope Spectro-Polarimetric High-contrast Exoplanet REsearch (SPHERE) instrument. These images were used to reconstruct the 3D shape of Sylvia. Our images together with those obtained in the past with large ground-based telescopes were used to study the dynamics of its two satellites. We also modeled Sylvia's thermal evolution. [Results] The shape of Sylvia appears flattened and elongated (a/b 1.45; a/c 1.84). We derive a volume-equivalent diameter of 271 ± 5 km and a low density of 1378 ± 45 kg m-3. The two satellites orbit Sylvia on circular, equatorial orbits. The oblateness of Sylvia should imply a detectable nodal precession which contrasts with the fully-Keplerian dynamics of its two satellites. This reveals an inhomogeneous internal structure, suggesting that Sylvia is differentiated. [Conclusions] Sylvia's low density and differentiated interior can be explained by partial melting and mass redistribution through water percolation. The outer shell should be composed of material similar to interplanetary dust particles (IDPs) and the core should be similar to aqueously altered IDPs or carbonaceous chondrite meteorites such as the Tagish Lake meteorite. Numerical simulations of the thermal evolution of Sylvia show that for a body of such a size, partial melting was unavoidable due to the decay of long-lived radionuclides. In addition, we show that bodies as small as 130-150 km in diameter should have followed a similar thermal evolution, while smaller objects, such as comets and the KBO Arrokoth, must have remained pristine, which is in agreement with in situ observations of these bodies. NASA Lucy mission target (617) Patroclus (diameter ≈140 km) may, however, be differentiated.<br />This work has been supported by the Czech Science Foundation through grants 20-08218S (J. Hanuš, J. Ďurech) and by the Charles University Research program No. UNCE/SCI/023. The work of TSR was carried out through grant APOSTD/2019/046 by Generalitat Valenciana (Spain). This work was supported by the MINECO (Spanish Ministry of Economy) through grant RTI2018-095076-B-C21 (MINECO/FEDER, UE). This material is partially based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 1743015.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
20180950 and 00046361
Database :
OpenAIRE
Journal :
Astronomy and Astrophysics-A&A, Astronomy and Astrophysics-A&A, EDP Sciences, 2021, (in press), Astronomy and Astrophysics-A&A, 2021, 650, A129 (15pp.). ⟨10.1051/0004-6361/202140342⟩, RUA. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Alicante, Universidad de Alicante (UA), Astronomy and Astrophysics-A&A, EDP Sciences, 2021, 650, A129 (15pp.). ⟨10.1051/0004-6361/202140342⟩, Digital.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC, instname
Accession number :
edsair.doi.dedup.....aec903693a44de38f7a8bdfa34727e1b