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Modified wheat straw-derived graphene for the removal of Eriochrome Black T: characterization, isotherm, and kinetic studies
- Source :
- Environmental science and pollution research international. 28(3)
- Publication Year :
- 2020
-
Abstract
- A cost-effective and environment-benign adsorbent was prepared from an abundant agro-waste material. Wheat straw was reduced to graphene and then modified by crosslinking to epichlorohydrin. During the conversion process of wheat straw to graphene, the specific surface area increased more than 100 times (from 4 to 415 m2 g−1). The adsorption efficiency of raw wheat straw, graphene nanosheets, and modified graphene against Eriochrome Black T (EBT) were 8.0, 34.7, and 74.4%, respectively. The modified graphene was further investigated for the effect of environmental condition, i.e., pH (3 to 11), EBT concentration (25–100 mg L−1), adsorbent dosage (0.25–0.75 g L−1), contact time (5–60 min), and solution temperature (30–60 °C). The dye removal remained at a high level under a wide range of pH from 3 to 9. The EBT removal decreased from 87.3 to 54.5 by increasing dye concentration and increased from 38.2 to 85.4% by increasing adsorbent dose in the studied ranges. Dye removal also increased by mixing time from 5 to 30 min, whereas a slight drop was observed by continuing agitation up to 60 min. Conducting experiments at various temperatures revealed an endothermic process. Pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models were adequate to represent the adsorption kinetics. Isotherm models suggest a multilayer adsorption of EBT molecules on heterogeneous modified graphene surface with a maximum adsorption capacity of 146.2 mg g−1. The present work demonstrated that the modified graphene obtained from available and low-cost agro-wastes could be used effectively as adsorbent against EBT from aqueous media.
- Subjects :
- Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
010501 environmental sciences
01 natural sciences
Endothermic process
law.invention
chemistry.chemical_compound
Adsorption
law
Specific surface area
Environmental Chemistry
Epichlorohydrin
Triticum
0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Graphene
Drop (liquid)
General Medicine
Straw
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Pollution
Eriochrome Black T
Kinetics
chemistry
Graphite
Azo Compounds
Water Pollutants, Chemical
Nuclear chemistry
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 16147499
- Volume :
- 28
- Issue :
- 3
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Environmental science and pollution research international
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....afc30cb9a94b0dc1b860969e5544367b