Early Denervation and Later Reinnervation of the Heart Following Cardiac Transplantation: A Review

Heart transplantation (HTx) surgically interrupts the parasympathetic vagal neurons and the intrinsic postganglionic sympathetic nerve fibers traveling from the stellate ganglia to the myocardium, causing axonal Wallerian degeneration and thus extrinsic cardiac denervation.[1][1], [2][2], [3][3], [4