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Co-Composting of Brewers’ Spent Grain with Animal Manures and Wheat Straw: Influence of Two Composting Strategies on Compost Quality
- Source :
- Agronomy, Vol 11, Iss 1349, p 1349 (2021), Agronomy (Basel) (2021). doi:10.3390/agronomy11071349, info:cnr-pdr/source/autori:Davide Assandri 1,2, Niccolò Pampuro 2,*, Giacomo Zara 1, Angela Bianco 1, Eugenio Cavallo 2, Marilena Budroni 1/titolo:Co-composting of brewers' spent grain with animal manures and wheat straw: influence of two composting strategies on compost quality/doi:10.3390%2Fagronomy11071349/rivista:Agronomy (Basel)/anno:2021/pagina_da:/pagina_a:/intervallo_pagine:/volume, Agronomy, Volume 11, Issue 7
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- MDPI AG, 2021.
-
Abstract
- The main challenge of this work is to identify a novel approach to reuse and valorize brewers’ spent grain (BSG) to produce a new source of income for the brewers in terms of self-consumption or selling goods. Therefore, this study explored the composting behavior of BSG mixed with different organic materials: wheat straw with pig slurry solid fraction and wheat straw with sheep manure, MIX1 and MIX2, respectively. The composting process was carried out in bins by comparing two different composting strategies: manual turning (MT) and static composting xxx– without turning operations (ST). During the experimental trial, BSG mixtures were chemically analyzed for pH, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, ammoniacal nitrogen, nitrate-nitrogen, total organic carbon, volatile solids, carbon to nitrogen ratio, and moisture content. Furthermore, the final composted materials were evaluated according to the physicochemical and biological limits fixed by the European regulation (2019/1009) and the Italian law (D.Lgs 75/2010). At the end of the composting process, the C/N ratio ranged from 11.6 to 15.5, the humification ratio ranged from 12.4 to 13.8 and the NH4+-N/NO3−-N ratio was lower than 0.5 indicating, in all investigated treatments, a good degree of maturation. However, as evidenced by the high pH values and low Germination Index, the sheep manure, as starting material, proved less effective than the solid fraction of pig slurry, probably due to excessive trampling and slow litter change. Finally, concerning the two composting strategies investigated, the obtained results highlighted that the composting strategy did not affect the final compost quality.
- Subjects :
- Carbon-to-nitrogen ratio
020209 energy
02 engineering and technology
010501 environmental sciences
engineering.material
recycling
01 natural sciences
aerobic stabilization
organic fertilizer
0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
brewers' spent grain
Ammoniacal nitrogen
Kjeldahl method
agro-industry by-product
0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Compost
circular economy
Agriculture
Straw
Pulp and paper industry
Manure
Humus
brewers’ spent grain
engineering
Environmental science
brewing industry
Agronomy and Crop Science
Organic fertilizer
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 20734395
- Volume :
- 11
- Issue :
- 1349
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Agronomy
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....b1f31bcd6b9cd309d88134e1921c64ad