Expression profiles of various transporters for oligopeptides, amino acids and organic ions along the human digestive tract

Various transporters such as H+/peptide cotransporter PEPT1 are expressed in the intestine, and play important physiological and pharmacological roles in the body. Present study was performed to examine the expression profile of 20 kinds of transporters (PEPT1 and 2, P-glycoprotein, amino acid transporters and organic ion transporters) along the human digestive tract, especially focusing on PEPT1. Using normal mucosal specimens, real-time polymerase chain reactions were carried out. Immunoblot analyses were also performed for PEPT1 expression. PEPT1 mRNA was highly expressed in the small intestine (duodenum>jejunum>ileum) compared to other tissues, and some patients showed a significant level of expression in the stomach. The expressional pattern of PEPT1 in the stomach and histological diagnosis indicated that gastric PEPT1 originated from the intestinal metaplasia. The amino acid transporters showed unique mRNA expression levels and distributions in the digestive tract. For example, the expression levels of B(0)AT1, a Na+-dependent and chloride-independent neutral amino acid transporter, were increased from the duodenum to ileum, which pattern is completely inverted to that for PEPT1. There is little expression of organic ion transporters except for organic cation/carnitine transporter OCTN2. In conclusion, PEPT1 was abundantly expressed in the small intestine, and the reciprocal expression of PEPT1 and B(0)AT1 may serve for the efficient absorption of protein digestive products.