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Neuroprotection in Glaucoma: NAD+/NADH Redox State as a Potential Biomarker and Therapeutic Target
- Source :
- Cells, Cells, Vol 10, Iss 1402, p 1402 (2021)
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- MDPI, 2021.
-
Abstract
- Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Its prevalence and incidence increase exponentially with age and the level of intraocular pressure (IOP). IOP reduction is currently the only therapeutic modality shown to slow glaucoma progression. However, patients still lose vision despite best treatment, suggesting that other factors confer susceptibility. Several studies indicate that mitochondrial function may underlie both susceptibility and resistance to developing glaucoma. Mitochondria meet high energy demand, in the form of ATP, that is required for the maintenance of optimum retinal ganglion cell (RGC) function. Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels have been closely correlated to mitochondrial dysfunction and have been implicated in several neurodegenerative diseases including glaucoma. NAD+ is at the centre of various metabolic reactions culminating in ATP production—essential for RGC function. In this review we present various pathways that influence the NAD+(H) redox state, affecting mitochondrial function and making RGCs susceptible to degeneration. Such disruptions of the NAD+(H) redox state are generalised and not solely induced in RGCs because of high IOP. This places the NAD+(H) redox state as a potential systemic biomarker for glaucoma susceptibility and progression; a hypothesis which may be tested in clinical trials and then translated to clinical practice.
- Subjects :
- Retinal Ganglion Cells
Intraocular pressure
genetic structures
QH301-705.5
NAD+/NADH redox state
Glaucoma
Review
Mitochondrion
Pharmacology
Neuroprotection
Redox
Adenosine Triphosphate
neurodegenerative disease
mitochondrial dysfunction
medicine
Animals
Humans
Biology (General)
Intraocular Pressure
retinal ganglion cell (RGC)
business.industry
General Medicine
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)
medicine.disease
NAD
eye diseases
ATP
medicine.anatomical_structure
glaucoma
Retinal ganglion cell
Biomarker (medicine)
NAD+ kinase
sense organs
business
Oxidation-Reduction
Biomarkers
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 20734409
- Volume :
- 10
- Issue :
- 6
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Cells
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....b29da22eca4189aff62b2aae2c0d02ce