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Extraction and Separation of Active Ingredients in Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill and the Study of their Antifungal Effects
- Source :
- PLoS ONE, PLoS ONE, Vol 11, Iss 5, p e0154731 (2016)
- Publication Year :
- 2016
- Publisher :
- Public Library of Science, 2016.
-
Abstract
- Schisandra chinensis extracts (SEs) have traditionally been used as an oriental medicine for the treatment of various human diseases, however, their further application in the biocontrol of plant disease remains poorly understood. This study was conducted to develop eco-friendly botanical pesticides from extracts of S. chinensis and assess whether they could play a key role in plant disease defense. Concentrated active fractions (SE-I, SE-II, and SE-III) were obtained from S. chinensis via specific extraction and separation. Then, lignan-like substances, such as Schisanhenol B, were detected via High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-ElectroSpray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS) analyses of the active fractions. Moreover, the results from biological tests on colony growth inhibition and spore germination indicated that SE-I, SE-II, and SE-III could inhibit hyphal growth and spore generation of three important plant pathogenic fungi (Monilinia fructicola, Fusarium oxysporum, and Botryosphaeria dothidea). The study of the mechanisms of resistant fungi revealed that the oxidation resistance system, including reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), was activated. The expression of genes related to defense, such as pathogenesis-related protein (PR4), α-farnesene synthase (AFS), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) were shown to be up-regulated after treatment with SEs, which suggested an increase in apple immunity and that fruits were induced to effectively defend against the infection of pathogenic fungi (B. dothidea). This study revealed that SEs and their lignans represent promising resources for the development of safe, effective, and multi-targeted agents against pathogenic fungi.
- Subjects :
- 0301 basic medicine
Hyphal growth
Fruit and Seed Anatomy
Antifungal Agents
Schisandra chinensis
lcsh:Medicine
Plant Science
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Pericarp
Fungal Reproduction
Spore germination
Medicine and Health Sciences
Fungal Spore Germination
lcsh:Science
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
Schisandra
Fungal Pathogens
Multidisciplinary
biology
Traditional medicine
Plant Anatomy
Fungal Diseases
Agriculture
Plants
Plant disease
Infectious Diseases
Monilinia fructicola
Medical Microbiology
Pathogens
Research Article
Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
Botryosphaeria dothidea
Crops
Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase
Mycology
Microbiology
Fruits
03 medical and health sciences
Fusarium oxysporum
Fungal Spores
Microbial Pathogens
Apples
lcsh:R
Organisms
Fungi
Biology and Life Sciences
biology.organism_classification
030104 developmental biology
lcsh:Q
Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
Crop Science
Chromatography, Liquid
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 19326203
- Volume :
- 11
- Issue :
- 5
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- PLoS ONE
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....b2f7a00dc6aab226fd72bd1603eff752