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Exosomes as biomarkers and therapeutic delivery for autoimmune diseases: Opportunities and challenges

Exosomes as biomarkers and therapeutic delivery for autoimmune diseases: Opportunities and challenges

Authors :
Yang Fang
Jing Ni
Yun-Sheng Wang
Yan Zhao
Ling-Qiong Jiang
Cong Chen
Ruo-Di Zhang
Xi Fang
Peng Wang
Hai-Feng Pan
Source :
Autoimmunity reviews. 22(3)
Publication Year :
2022

Abstract

Exosomes are spherical lipid bilayer vesicles composed of lipids, proteins and nucleic acids that deliver signaling molecules through a vesicular transport system to regulate the function and morphology of target cells, thereby involving in a variety of biological processes, such as cell apoptosis or proliferation, and cytokine production. In the past decades, there are emerging evidence that exosomes play pivotal roles in the pathological mechanisms of several autoimmune diseases (ADs), including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), Sjogren's syndrome (SS), multiple sclerosis (MS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). systemic sclerosis (SSc), etc. Several publications have shown that exosomes are involved in the pathogenesis of ADs mainly through intercellular communication and by influencing the response of immune cells. The level of exosomes and the expression of nucleic acids can reflect the degree of disease progression and are excellent biomarkers for ADs. In addition, exosomes have the potential to be used as drug carriers thanks to their biocompatibility and stability. In this review, we briefly summarized the current researches regarding the biological functions of exosomes in ADs, and provided an insight into the potential of exosomes as biomarkers and therapeutic delivery for these diseases.

Subjects

Subjects :
Immunology
Immunology and Allergy

Details

ISSN :
18730183
Volume :
22
Issue :
3
Database :
OpenAIRE
Journal :
Autoimmunity reviews
Accession number :
edsair.doi.dedup.....b3dd1689f12191084b9814aabb0fadf7