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Smoking-related cancer in military veterans: retrospective cohort study of 57,000 veterans and 173,000 matched non-veterans
- Source :
- BMC Cancer
- Publication Year :
- 2016
- Publisher :
- Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2016.
-
Abstract
- Background: \ud Serving military personnel are more likely to smoke, and to smoke more heavily, than civilians. The aim of our study was to examine whether veterans have an increased risk of a range of smoking-related cancers compared with non-veterans, using a large, national cohort of veterans.\ud \ud Methods: \ud We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 57,000 veterans resident in Scotland and 173,000 age, sex and area of residence matched civilians. We used Cox proportional hazard models to compare the risk of any cancer, lung cancer and other smoking-related cancers overall, by sex and by birth cohort, adjusting for the potential confounding effect of socioeconomic deprivation.\ud \ud Results: \ud Over a mean of 29 years follow-up, 445 (0.79 %) veterans developed lung cancer compared with 1106 (0.64 %) non-veterans (adjusted hazard ratio 1.16, 95 % confidence intervals 1.04–1.30, p = 0.008). Other smoking-related cancers occurred in 737 (1.31 %) veterans compared with 1883 (1.09 %) non-veterans (adjusted hazard ratio 1.18, 95 % confidence intervals 1.08–1.29, p
- Subjects :
- Retrospective cohort study
Adult
Male
Cancer Research
Pathology
medicine.medical_specialty
Health Promotion
Young Adult
03 medical and health sciences
Age Distribution
0302 clinical medicine
Military
Neoplasms
Genetics
Humans
Medicine
030212 general & internal medicine
Young adult
Lung cancer
health care economics and organizations
Veterans
Aged
Proportional Hazards Models
Retrospective Studies
business.industry
Proportional hazards model
Smoking
Hazard ratio
Cancer
Smoking-related cancer
Middle Aged
medicine.disease
humanities
Confidence interval
Millennium Cohort Study (United States)
Scotland
Oncology
030220 oncology & carcinogenesis
Female
business
Research Article
Demography
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 14712407
- Volume :
- 16
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- BMC Cancer
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....b3fbf0a0bd02edf360e5d61efeabe247