Motor Vehicles, Hypoglycemia, and Diabetic Drivers

Individuals with diabetes are increasingly persuing employment in fields previously restricted as a result of the development of chronic complications. Improved glycemic control resulting from use of sophisticated insulin delivery and monitoring systems has also led to the recognition of recurrent hypoglycemia as a potential major clinical and occupational hazard. No data concerning the occupational safety of individuals with insulin-treated diabetes mellitus (ITDM) are available. We review the literature on diabetic drivers in an effort to examine the impact of certification of ITDMs as commercial drivers. In the absence of significant worldwide experience with ITDMs as commercial drivers, the discussion is necessarily based on projected accident rates derived from data on frequency of hypoglycemia. These studies are universally flawed by variable definitions of hypoglycemia, ascertainment bias, and patient selection. They do, however, provide a worst-case/best-case scenario for discussion. It is imperative that any expansion of employment opportunities for ITDMs be followed carefully with prospective studies to assess the impact on public safety.