Two-dimensional localization with a single diffuse ultrasound field excitation

Traditional ultrasound imaging methods rely on the bandwidth and center frequency of transduction to achieve axial and radial image resolution, respectively. In this study, a new modality for spatially localizing scattering targets in a two-dimensional field is presented. In this method, the bandwidth of field excitation is high, and the center frequency is lowered such that the corresponding wavelengths are substantially larger than the target profiles. Furthermore, full two-dimensional field measurements are obtained with single send-receive sequences, demonstrating a substantial simplification of the traditional scanning techniques. Field reconstruction is based on temporal-spectral cross-correlations between measured backscatter data and a library of region of interest (ROI) backscatter data measured a priori. The transducer design is based upon a wedge-shaped geometry, which was shown to yield spatially frequency-separated bandwidths of up to 156% with center frequencies of 1.38 MHz. Initial results with these send-and-receive transducer parameters and cylindrical reflection targets in a 10-mm times 10-mm ROI demonstrate two-dimensional target localization to within 0.5 mm. Spatial localization of point scatterers is demonstrated for single and multiple scattering sites.