Magneto-optical and microstructural properties of spinel cubic copper ferrites with Li-Al co-substitution

Nanospinel Li 2x Cu 1-x Al y Fe 2-y O 4 ferrites with composition x = y = 0.0, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4, were successfully synthesized via hydrothermal method. The effect of co-substitution (Li and Al) on structural, morphological and magnetic properties of CuFe 2 O 4 nanoparticles were investigated using Powder X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) and Mossbauer spectroscopic techniques. The cation distribution of all composition was calculated. Both XRD and FT-IR analyses confirmed the synthesis of single-phase spinel cubic product for all the substitutions. Mossbauer investigation showed that the Li 1+ and Al 3+ ions occupied B-sites. Nonetheless, some amounts of Li 1+ occupy A-site. The magnetization hysteresis loops M (H) , revealed that the final products with x, y = 0.0, 0.3 and 0.4 exhibit superparamagnetic (SPM) behavior at room temperature, however the composition x, y = 0.2 displays a ferromagnetic-like (FM) behavior. The saturation magnetization (M s ) reduces with rising the Li and Al contents. Compared to pristine CuFe 2 O 4 spinel, the remanent magnetization (M r ), coercive field (H c ) and the magneto-crystalline anisotropy fields (H a ) improved for products synthesized with x, y = 0.2 and then decrease for x, y = 0.3 and 0.4. The squareness ratio M r /M s are less than 0.500, which suggest the single domain nanoparticles with uniaxial anisotropy for Li 2x Cu 1–x Al y Fe 2-y O 4 (0.0 ≤ x, y ≤ 0.4) nanoparticles. The magneto-crystalline anisotropy constant (K eff ) value is improved for Li 0.8 Cu 0.6 Al 0.2 Fe 1.8 O 4 (i.e. x, y = 0.2) magnetic nanoparticles and then decreased for higher Li and Al contents, due to the replacement of Cu and Fe ions with respectively Li and Al ions.