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Phylogeographical footprint of colonial history in the global dispersal of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 group A
- Source :
- Journal of General Virology; Vol 93, Journal of General Virology, Vol. 93, no.Pt_4, p. 889-899 (2012)
- Publication Year :
- 2012
- Publisher :
- Microbiology Society, 2012.
-
Abstract
- Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) emerged in West Africa and has spread further to countries that share socio-historical ties with this region. However, viral origins and dispersal patterns at a global scale remain poorly understood. Here, we adopt a Bayesian phylogeographic approach to investigate the spatial dynamics of HIV-2 group A (HIV-2A) using a collection of 320 partial pol and 248 partial env sequences sampled throughout 19 countries worldwide. We extend phylogenetic diffusion models that simultaneously draw information from multiple loci to estimate location states throughout distinct phylogenies and explicitly attempt to incorporate human migratory fluxes. Our study highlights that Guinea-Bissau, together with Côte d’Ivoire and Senegal, have acted as the main viral sources in the early stages of the epidemic. We show that convenience sampling can obfuscate the estimation of the spatial root of HIV-2A. We explicitly attempt to circumvent this by incorporating rate priors that reflect the ratio of human flow from and to West Africa. We recover four main routes of HIV-2A dispersal that are laid out along colonial ties: Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde to Portugal, Côte d’Ivoire and Senegal to France. Within Europe, we find strong support for epidemiological linkage from Portugal to Luxembourg and to the UK. We demonstrate that probabilistic models can uncover global patterns of HIV-2A dispersal providing sampling bias is taken into account and we provide a scenario for the international spread of this virus.
- Subjects :
- Genes, Viral
Molecular Sequence Data
HIV Infections
Genome, Viral
Colonialism
Biology
Cape verde
03 medical and health sciences
Bayes' theorem
0302 clinical medicine
Virology
Cabo Verde
Humans
Guinea-Bissau
030212 general & internal medicine
030304 developmental biology
Sampling bias
Estimation
Cape Verde
0303 health sciences
Phylogenetic tree
Animal
Ecology
Sampling (statistics)
Bayes Theorem
History, 20th Century
Senegal
3. Good health
Africa, Western
Phylogeography
Cote d'Ivoire
Cote d
HIV-2
Biological dispersal
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 14652099 and 00221317
- Volume :
- 93
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Journal of General Virology
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....b6e84de7f5724e05671cef2a0e551267
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.038638-0