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Streptococcus pneumoniae synergizes with nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae to induce inflammation via upregulating TLR2
- Source :
- BMC Immunology, Vol 9, Iss 1, p 40 (2008), BMC Immunology
- Publisher :
- Springer Nature
-
Abstract
- Background Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) plays a critical role in mediating inflammatory/immune responses against bacterial pathogens in lung. Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) and nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) were previously reported to synergize with each other to induce inflammatory responses. Despite the relatively known intracellular signaling pathways involved in the synergistic induction of inflammation, it is still unclear if both bacterial pathogens also synergistically induce expression of surface TLR2. Results Here we provide direct evidence that S. pneumoniae synergizes with NTHi to upregulate TLR2 expression in lung and middle ear of the mice. Pneumolysin (PLY) appears to be the major virulence factor involved in this synergism. Moreover, S. pneumoniae PLY induces TLR2 expression via a TLR4-MyD88-NF-κB-dependent signaling pathway. Interestingly, tumor suppressor CYLD acts as a negative regulator of S. pneumoniae-induced TLR2 up-regulation via negative-crosstalk with NF-κB signaling. Conclusion Our study thus provides novel insights into the regulation of TLR2 expression in mixed bacterial infections.
- Subjects :
- lcsh:Immunologic diseases. Allergy
Haemophilus Infections
Immunology
Inflammation
Biology
medicine.disease_cause
Haemophilus influenzae
Microbiology
Mice
Immune system
Bacterial Proteins
Streptococcus pneumoniae
medicine
Animals
Humans
Lung
Mice, Knockout
Mice, Inbred BALB C
NF-kappa B
Pneumonia, Pneumococcal
NFKB1
Toll-Like Receptor 2
Deubiquitinating Enzyme CYLD
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Toll-Like Receptor 4
Cysteine Endopeptidases
TLR2
Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88
Streptolysins
medicine.symptom
Signal transduction
lcsh:RC581-607
HeLa Cells
Signal Transduction
Research Article
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 14712172
- Volume :
- 9
- Issue :
- 1
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- BMC Immunology
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....b7c4b057c4b06d543773112da7d62d03
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2172-9-40