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The phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene family in Salvia miltiorrhiza: genome-wide characterization, molecular cloning and expression analysis
- Source :
- Molecular biology reports. 40(7)
- Publication Year :
- 2012
-
Abstract
- Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge is a well-known material of traditional Chinese medicine. Hydrophilic phenolic acids, such as rosmarinic acid and salvianolic acid B, are a group of pharmaceutically important compounds in S. miltiorrhiza. The biosynthesis of rosmarinic acid requires the coordination of the phenylpropanoid pathway and the tyrosine-derived pathway. Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) is the first key enzyme of the phenylpropanoid pathway. Systematic analysis of the SmPAL gene family has not been carried out. We report here the identification of three SmPALs through searching the recently obtained working draft of the S. miltiorrhiza genome and full-length cDNA cloning. Bioinformatic and phylogenetic analyses showed that SmPAL1 and SmPAL3 clustered in a sub-clade of dicot PALs, whereas SmPAL2 fell into the other one. Some important cis-elements were conserved in three SmPAL promoters, whereas the others were not. SmPAL1 and SmPAL3 were highly expressed in roots and leaves of S. miltiorrhiza, but SmPAL2 were predominately expressed in stems and flowers. It indicates that SmPAL1 and SmPAL3 function redundantly in rosmarinic acid biosynthesis. All SmPALs were induced in roots treated with PEG and MeJA, but the time and degree of responses were different, suggesting the complexity of SmPAL-associated metabolic network in S. miltiorrhiza. This is the first comprehensive study dedicated to SmPAL gene family characterization. The results provide a basis for elucidating the role of SmPAL genes in the biosynthesis of bioactive compounds.
- Subjects :
- DNA, Complementary
5' Flanking Region
Molecular Sequence Data
Gene Expression
Salvia miltiorrhiza
Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase
Biology
Molecular cloning
Depsides
Plant Roots
chemistry.chemical_compound
Biosynthesis
Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
Genetics
Gene family
Amino Acid Sequence
Cloning, Molecular
Molecular Biology
Gene
Phylogeny
Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase
Phenylpropanoid
Rosmarinic acid
General Medicine
Biosynthetic Pathways
Biochemistry
chemistry
Cinnamates
Organ Specificity
Multigene Family
Sequence Alignment
Genome, Plant
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 15734978
- Volume :
- 40
- Issue :
- 7
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Molecular biology reports
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....b97a6ab32008c11c0bfc33f0905f369d