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Occurrence and Safety Evaluation of Antimicrobial Compounds Triclosan and Triclocarban in Water and Fishes of the Multitrophic Niche of River Torsa, India
- Source :
- Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology. 79(4)
- Publication Year :
- 2020
-
Abstract
- Personal care product (PCP) chemicals have a greater chance of accumulation in the aquatic environments because of their volume of use. PCPs are biologically active substances that can exert an adverse effect on the ecology and food safety. Information on the status of these substances in Indian open water ecosystems is scarce. In this paper, we report the incidence of two synthetic antimicrobials, triclosan (TCS), including its metabolite methyl-triclosan (Me-TCS) and triclocarban (TCC) in Torsa, a transboundary river flowing through India. In water TCS and TCC were detected at levels exceeding their respective PNEC (Predictive No Effect Concentration). Both the compounds were found to be bioaccumulative in fish. TCS concentration (91.1–589 µg/kg) in fish was higher than that of TCC (29.1–285.5 µg/kg). The accumulation of residues of the biocides varied widely among fishes of different species, ecological niche, and feeding habits. Me-TCS could be detected in fishes and not in water. The environmental hazard quotient of both TCS and TCC in water indicated a moderate risk. However, the health risk analysis revealed that fishes of the river would not pose any direct hazard to human when consumed. This is the first report of the occurrence of these PCP chemicals in a torrential river system of the eastern Himalayan region.
- Subjects :
- Biocide
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences
Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
Triclocarban
India
010501 environmental sciences
Biology
Toxicology
01 natural sciences
chemistry.chemical_compound
Anti-Infective Agents
Rivers
Ecotoxicology
Animals
Humans
Ecosystem
0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Ecological niche
business.industry
Aquatic ecosystem
fungi
Fishes
Water
General Medicine
Food safety
Pollution
Triclosan
chemistry
Bioaccumulation
Safety
business
Carbanilides
Water Pollutants, Chemical
Disinfectants
Environmental Monitoring
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 14320703
- Volume :
- 79
- Issue :
- 4
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....ba35d95ca1889f05794622089b2599f3