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Effect of sulfur mustard on melanogenesis in vitro
- Source :
- Toxicology Letters. 319:197-203
- Publication Year :
- 2020
- Publisher :
- Elsevier BV, 2020.
-
Abstract
- The chemical warfare agent sulfur mustard (SM) affects all cells in the epidermis including melanocytes which are responsible for melanin synthesis. After exposure to SM, pigment abnormalities like hypo- and hyperpigmentation can occur. The underlying molecular pathomechanisms of SM exposure on human melanogenesis have not been elucidated so far. In our study, we investigated the effect of SM on human melanocytes and melanogenesis. Normal human epidermal melanocytes (NHEM) were used as in vitro model and they were exposed to different concentrations of SM (4.5 μM-100 μM). Melanin production was analyzed by absorption measurements at 405 nm. In addition, quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and Western blot experiments were performed to determine the expression of essential melanogenesis-related proteins including tyrosinase (TYR), tyrosinase-related protein (TRP) 1 and 2 and microphthalmia transcription factor (MITF). Our findings demonstrated that exposure to low SM concentrations increased melanin synthesis accompanied with an increase in protein expression. In contrast, high SM concentrations led to decreased melanin content and a downregulation in expression of all investigated melanogenesis-associated proteins. We concluded that low SM concentrations may cause hyperpigmentation while high SM concentrations decreased melanin content which may explain hypopigmented skin areas in SM exposed patients.
- Subjects :
- 0301 basic medicine
Tyrosinase
Melanocyte
Toxicology
Melanin
03 medical and health sciences
chemistry.chemical_compound
0302 clinical medicine
Western blot
Hyperpigmentation
Mustard Gas
medicine
Humans
Trypsin
Chemical Warfare Agents
Cells, Cultured
Pigmentation disorder
Hypopigmentation
Melanins
Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
integumentary system
medicine.diagnostic_test
Monophenol Monooxygenase
Sulfur mustard
General Medicine
medicine.disease
Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor
Molecular biology
Intramolecular Oxidoreductases
030104 developmental biology
medicine.anatomical_structure
Gene Expression Regulation
chemistry
Melanocytes
medicine.symptom
030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 03784274
- Volume :
- 319
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Toxicology Letters
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....bce586ecb323ed807e0ebaf6ed418bc9