Acetylcholine Regulates Olfactory Perceptual Learning through Effects on Adult Neurogenesis

Summary Learning to perceptually discriminate between chemical signals in the environment (olfactory perceptual learning [OPL]) is critical for survival. Multiple mechanisms have been implicated in OPL, including modulation of neurogenesis and manipulation of cholinergic activity. However, whether these represent distinct processes regulating OPL or if cholinergic effects on OPL depend upon neurogenesis has remained an unresolved question. Using a combination of pharmacological and optogenetic approaches, cholinergic activity was shown to be both necessary and sufficient to drive OPL, and this process was dependent on the presence of newly born cells in the olfactory bulb (OB). This study is the first to directly demonstrate that cholinergic effects on OPL require adult OB neurogenesis.
Graphical Abstract
Highlights • Acetylcholine modulates olfactory perceptual learning • Cholinergic modulation alters olfactory bulb neurogenesis • Cholinergic effects on olfactory perceptual learning require adult neurogenesis • Cholinergic excitation does not alter the phenotype of newborn olfactory bulb cells
Behavioral Neuroscience; Cellular Neuroscience; Sensory Neuroscience