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Emissions, measurement, and control of odor in livestock farms: A review
- Source :
- The Science of the total environment. 776
- Publication Year :
- 2021
-
Abstract
- Odor emissions from intensive livestock farms have attracted increased attention due to their adverse impacts on the environment and human health. Nevertheless, a systematic summary regarding the characteristics, sampling detection, and control technology for odor emissions from livestock farms is currently lacking. This paper compares the development of odor standards in different countries and summarizes the odor emission characteristics of livestock farms. Ammonia, the most common odor substance, can reach as high as 4100 ppm in the compost area. Sampling methods for point and area source odor emissions are introduced in this paper, and odor analysis methods are compared. Olfactometers, odorometers, and the triangle odor bag method are usually used to measure odor concentration. Odor control technologies are divided into three categories: physical (activated carbon adsorption, masking, and dilution diffusion), chemical (plant extract spraying, wet scrubbing, combustion, non-thermal plasma, and photocatalytic oxidation), and biological (biofiltration, biotrickling, and bioscrubbing). Each technology is elucidated, and the performance in the removal of different pollutants is summarized. The application scopes, costs, operational stability, and secondary pollution of the technologies are compared. The generation of secondary pollution and long-term operation stability are issues that should be considered in future technological development. Lastly, a case analysis for engineering application is conducted.
- Subjects :
- Pollution
Environmental Engineering
Farms
Livestock
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences
media_common.quotation_subject
010501 environmental sciences
01 natural sciences
Ammonia
Environmental Chemistry
Animals
Humans
Waste Management and Disposal
0105 earth and related environmental sciences
media_common
Pollutant
Wet scrubber
Waste management
business.industry
Composting
Odor
Odor control
Area source
Biofilter
Odorants
Environmental science
business
psychological phenomena and processes
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 18791026
- Volume :
- 776
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- The Science of the total environment
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....be71a6a91dd1989da371eadabd955bc5