Efficacy of Antibiotics Used as an Adjunct in the Treatment of Peri-implant Mucositis and Peri-implantitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

This systematic review aimed to assess the clinical efficacy of antibiotics when used as an adjunct in treating peri-implant diseases.A systematic search of papers published between January 1980 and March 2020 was conducted. Randomized clinical trials with at least 10 patients who had peri-implant diseases, treated with or without adjunctive antibiotics in combination with surgical or nonsurgical therapies, and with a minimum of at least 3 months of follow-up were included. Meta-analyses were conducted to analyze weighted mean differences in probing depth reduction, radiographic bone level gain, and odds ratio of treatment success.From the 856 articles identified, 10 articles met the inclusion criteria and were selected. Of these, 7 articles were used for the meta-analysis. The adjunctive use of antibiotics in the treatment of peri-implant diseases yielded significantly greater probing depth reduction (weighted mean differences = 0.56 mm at 3 months, P = .001; 0.77 mm at 6 months, P.00001; 0.92 mm at 12 months, P.00001), radiographic bone level gain (weighted mean differences = 0.64 mm, P = .03), and treatment success (odds ratio = 1.74, P = .04) compared to the same treatment without antibiotics.Based on the existing evidence, the use of adjunctive antibiotics to treat peri-implant diseases, especially peri-implantitis, provided potential benefits in clinical outcomes for up to 12 months posttherapy.