Dieulafoy disease of the bronchus involving bilateral arteries

Rationale: Dieulafoy disease of the bronchus is a rare vascular deformity. To the best of our knowledge, reports of these involving both lung vascular are hitherto absent. Patient concerns: A 67-year-old male was admitted to our department due to agnogenic hemoptysis. Diagnoses: Bronchoscopy was performed and some smooth, pulsatile nodular lesions were found in the middle and lower lobes, Computed tomography angiography of the bronchial artery confirmed a left bronchial artery arising from the aortic arch at T4 level, and both bronchial arteries were dilated and tortuous. Interventions: Bronchial artery embolization was performed successfully. Outcomes: The patient was discharged with no hemoptysis. In addition, patient is under follow-up until today without any further incidents. Lessons: This case reminds us that Dieulafoy disease of the bronchus could be a potential etiology for unexplained hemoptysis. The clinician should be aware of this disease when bronchoscopy revealed multiple some smooth, pulsatile nodular lesions, thereafter, bronchoscope biopsy should be avoided, as it could lead to fatal hemoptysis.