Aortic valve repair in the paediatric population: insights from a 38-year single-centre experience

Objectives To analyse our institutional results in the setting of paediatric aortic valve (AV) repair. Primary end-points were overall survival, freedom from AV reoperation and freedom from AV replacement. Methods A retrospective analysis of all patients under 18 years of age operated on from 1977 to 2015 in a single tertiary care level institution. Patients were included if they benefited from any type of AV repair procedure, including commissurotomy, leaflet shaving or plication, or leaflet augmentation. All data were gathered from patients' medical records, operative reports and referring paediatric cardiologists. The median follow-up was 50 months (IQR [13-140]). Results Sixty-six patients were included. Indications for surgery were aortic stenosis, aortic regurgitation and mixed disease in 13 (19%), 36 (55%) and 17 (26%) patients, respectively. According to El Khoury's functional classification, among the 55 patients with some degree of regurgitation there were 5 type Ib regurgitation, 23 type II and 27 type III. During AV repair, additional procedures were performed in 36 patients, VSD closure, subaortic membrane resection and mitral valve repair being the most frequent (18, 8 and 7 patients). RACHS score was predominantly 2 (98.5% of patients). The in-hospital mortality rate was 1.5% (1/66). Major morbidity included 10 pericardial effusions (1 pericardocentesis), 1 low cardiac output syndrome and 1 stroke. There were three late deaths (at 104, 140 and 179 months after repair). All were cardiac related. Overall 5- and 10-year survival rates were 100 and 95.7%. The rates of freedom from AV reoperation and AV replacement at 5 and 10 years were 90.6, 72.1 and 92.5, 82.7%, respectively. During follow-up, there was no occurrence of valve-related complication (endocarditis, thromboembolism and bleeding). Conclusions In our experience, AV repair in the paediatric population provides excellent results in terms of both overall survival and valve-related reoperation. It obviates the need for chronic anticoagulation and in most cases delays the time at which more complex surgery such as the Ross procedure should be undertaken.