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Nitric oxide synthase 2 enhances the survival of mice during Salmonella Typhimurium infection-induced sepsis by increasing reactive oxygen species, inflammatory cytokines and recruitment of neutrophils to the peritoneal cavity
- Source :
- IndraStra Global.
- Publication Year :
- 2018
- Publisher :
- ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC, 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA, 2018.
-
Abstract
- Sepsis, a leading cause of death in intensive care units, is primarily caused due to an exaggerated immune response. The hyperactive inflammatory response mediated by immune cells against infectious organisms and their toxins results in host cell death and tissue damage, the hallmarks of septic shock. Therefore, molecules that modulate inflammatory responses are attractive therapeutic targets for sepsis. Nitric oxide (NO) is a signaling molecule, which is implicated in regulating diverse immune functions. Although, the protective roles of NO in infectious diseases are well documented, its importance in sepsis is controversial. In the present study, the effects of intra-peritoneal injection of mice with Salmonella Typhimurium, a Gram-negative intracellular pathogen, were studied which leads to a rapid upregulation of serum cytokines and infiltration of neutrophils to the peritoneal cavity. Surprisingly, the induction of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, e.g. IL6 and CCL2, and the infiltration of neutrophils into the peritoneal cavity are mitigated in mice lacking Nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2). The reduced inflammatory response in Nos2(-/-) mice is accompanied by greater bacterial burden in the peritoneal cavity, lower thymic atrophy, higher liver damage and cardiovascular dysfunction followed by decreased survival. However, no significant differences are observed in other responses between C57BL/6 wild type (WT) and Nos2(-/-) mice: induction of glucocorticoids, phagocytic ability and apoptosis of peritoneal cells. This study clearly highlights the NOS2-dependent and - independent responses in this mouse model of peritonitis induced sepsis. Importantly, pre-treatment of Nos2(-/-) mice with DETA-NO, a NO donor, upon infection, restores neutrophil recruitment, reduces bacterial numbers in the peritoneal cavity, improves liver and cardio-vascular function and enhances survival. Interestingly, DETA-NO treatment does not significantly increase the survival of infected WT mice. The implications of these results and the complex roles of NO as a target molecule during sepsis are discussed.
- Subjects :
- Male
Salmonella typhimurium
0301 basic medicine
Chemokine
Neutrophils
Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II
Inflammation
Peritonitis
Biochemistry
Proinflammatory cytokine
Sepsis
Mice
03 medical and health sciences
Peritoneal cavity
0302 clinical medicine
Immune system
Physiology (medical)
medicine
Animals
Humans
Peritoneal Cavity
Centre for Infectious Disease Research
Mice, Knockout
Microbiology & Cell Biology
biology
Septic shock
business.industry
Nitric oxide synthase 2
medicine.disease
Bacterial Load
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Disease Models, Animal
030104 developmental biology
medicine.anatomical_structure
Neutrophil Infiltration
030220 oncology & carcinogenesis
Salmonella Infections
Immunology
biology.protein
Cytokines
Inflammation Mediators
medicine.symptom
Reactive Oxygen Species
business
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 23813652
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- IndraStra Global
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....bf96950f4a6af985cf3cf900a6c091ec