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Relevance of Surface Neuronal Protein Autoantibodies as Biomarkers in Seizure-Associated Disorders
- Source :
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 20, Iss 18, p 4529 (2019), International Journal of Molecular Sciences
- Publication Year :
- 2019
- Publisher :
- MDPI AG, 2019.
-
Abstract
- The detection of neuronal surface protein autoantibody-related disorders has contributed to several changes in our understanding of central nervous system autoimmunity. The clinical presentation of these disorders may be associated (or not) with tumors, and often patients develop an inexplicable onset of epilepsy, catatonic or autistic features, or memory and cognitive dysfunctions. The autoantigens in such cases have critical roles in synaptic transmission and plasticity, memory function, and process learning. For months, patients with such antibodies may be comatose or encephalopathic and yet completely recover with palliative care and immunotherapies. This paper reviews several targets of neuronal antibodies as biomarkers in seizure disorders, focusing mainly on autoantibodies, which target the extracellular domains of membrane proteins, namely leucine-rich glioma-inactivated-1 (LGI1), contactin-associated protein-like 2 (CASPR2), the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), γ-aminobutyric acid receptor-B (GABABR), the glycine receptor (GlyR), and a-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (AMPARs). In order to restore health status, limit hospitalization, and optimize results, testing these antibodies should be done locally, using internationally certified procedures for a precise and rapid diagnosis, with the possibility of initiating therapy as soon as possible.
- Subjects :
- Male
0301 basic medicine
Palliative care
autoantibodies
Central nervous system
diagnostic
Nerve Tissue Proteins
Review
medicine.disease_cause
Catalysis
Autoimmunity
Immunomodulation
Inorganic Chemistry
lcsh:Chemistry
03 medical and health sciences
Epilepsy
0302 clinical medicine
Seizures
Humans
Medicine
Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Receptor
neuronal surface proteins
Molecular Biology
Glycine receptor
lcsh:QH301-705.5
Spectroscopy
business.industry
Organic Chemistry
Autoantibody
biomarkers
General Medicine
seizure disorders
medicine.disease
Computer Science Applications
Early Diagnosis
030104 developmental biology
medicine.anatomical_structure
lcsh:Biology (General)
lcsh:QD1-999
NMDA receptor
Female
immunomodulatory therapy
business
Neuroscience
030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 14220067
- Volume :
- 20
- Issue :
- 18
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....c039d49b3a4b94cd7c07641f01af1814