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Fitness level impacts salivary antimicrobial protein responses to a single bout of cycling exercise
- Source :
- European Journal of Applied Physiology. 115:1015-1027
- Publication Year :
- 2015
- Publisher :
- Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2015.
-
Abstract
- Salivary antimicrobial proteins (sAMPs) protect the upper respiratory tract (URTI) from invading microorganisms and have been linked with URTI infection risk in athletes. While high training volume is associated with increased URTI risk, it is not known if fitness affects the sAMP response to acute exercise. This study compared the sAMP responses to various exercising workloads of highly fit experienced cyclists with those who were less fit. Seventeen experienced cyclists (nine highly fit; eight less fit) completed three 30-min exercise trials at workloads corresponding to −5, +5 and +15 % of the individual blood lactate threshold. Saliva samples were collected pre- and post-exercise to determine the concentration and secretion of α-amylase, human neutrophil proteins 1–3 (HNP1–3) lactoferrin, LL-37, lysozyme, and salivary SIgA. The concentration and/or secretion of all sAMPs increased post-exercise, but only α-amylase was sensitive to exercise workload. Highly fit cyclists had lower baseline concentrations of α-amylase, HNP1–3, and lactoferrin, although secretion rates did not differ between the groups. Highly fit cyclists did, however, exhibit greater post-exercise increases in the concentration and/or secretion of a majority of measured sAMPs (percentage difference between highly fit and less fit in parentheses), including α-amylase concentration (+107 %) and secretion (+148 %), HNP1–3 concentration (+97 %) and secretion (+158 %), salivary SIgA concentration (+181 %), lactoferrin secretion (+209 %) and LL-37 secretion (+138 %). We show for the first time that fitness level is a major determinant of exercise-induced changes in sAMPs. This might be due to training-induced alterations in parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system activation.
- Subjects :
- Adult
Male
Immunoglobulin A
alpha-Defensins
Saliva
medicine.medical_specialty
Sympathetic nervous system
Physiology
Physical fitness
Physiology (medical)
Internal medicine
medicine
Humans
Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
Secretion
Salivary Proteins and Peptides
biology
business.industry
Lactoferrin
Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
General Medicine
Bicycling
medicine.anatomical_structure
Endocrinology
Athletes
Physical Fitness
Salivary alpha-Amylases
Immunoglobulin A, Secretory
Immunology
Exercise Test
biology.protein
Exercise intensity
Female
Muramidase
business
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 14396327 and 14396319
- Volume :
- 115
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- European Journal of Applied Physiology
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....c08fa905f585a16203c975a3d358aeba