A novel histologic grading system based on lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion, and tumor budding in colorectal cancer

This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of lymphovascular (LVI), perineural invasion (PNI), and tumor budding positivity in patients with colorectal cancer. From January 2008 to December 2011, 3707 consecutive patients who underwent curative surgery for stage I–III colorectal cancer were assessed. These patients were then categorized into four groups based on LVI, PNI, and tumor budding (risk grouping): all negative (n = 1495), 1 + only (n = 1063), 2 + only (n = 861), and all positive (n = 288). With a median follow-up period of 52 months, the 5-year disease-free survival rates of the risk groups were significantly different in terms of cancer staging (stage I, Stage II, and Stage III: P = 0.006, P