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Early Holocene crop cultivation and landscape modification in SW Amazonia
- Source :
- Nature
- Publication Year :
- 2020
-
Abstract
- The onset of plant cultivation is one of the most important cultural transitions in human history1–4. Southwestern Amazonia has previously been proposed as an early centre of plant domestication, on the basis of molecular markers that show genetic similarities between domesticated plants and wild relatives4–6. However, the nature of the early human occupation of southwestern Amazonia, and the history of plant cultivation in this region, are poorly understood. Here we document the cultivation of squash (Cucurbita sp.) at about 10,250 calibrated years before present (cal. yr bp), manioc (Manihot sp.) at about 10,350 cal. yr bp and maize (Zea mays) at about 6,850 cal. yr bp, in the Llanos de Moxos (Bolivia). We show that, starting at around 10,850 cal. yr bp, inhabitants of this region began to create a landscape that ultimately comprised approximately 4,700 artificial forest islands within a treeless, seasonally flooded savannah. Our results confirm that the Llanos de Moxos is a hotspot for early plant cultivation and demonstrate that—ever since their arrival in Amazonia—humans have markedly altered the landscape, with lasting repercussions for habitat heterogeneity and species conservation. Archaeological evidence that anthropic landscape changes and crop cultivation in southwestern Amazonia began about 10,000–11,000 years ago confirms that the region is a centre of early plant domestication.
- Subjects :
- Crops, Agricultural
Bolivia
Conservation of Natural Resources
Manihot
Biodiversity
Geographic Mapping
910 Geography & travel
Rural history
580 Plants (Botany)
Forests
Zea mays
Grassland
Article
Cucurbita
550 Earth sciences & geology
Human Activities
Domestication
Holocene
History, Ancient
Multidisciplinary
geography.geographical_feature_category
Ecology
Amazon rainforest
Starch
Before Present
Crop Production
Spatial heterogeneity
Geography
980 History of South America
570 Life sciences
biology
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 14764687 and 00280836
- Volume :
- 581
- Issue :
- 7807
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Nature
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....c1ced9c48b4d0e42520b9f64a6126299