Tumor location and type affect local recurrence and joint damage in tenosynovial giant cell tumor: a multi-center study

Purpose: Osteochondral destruction and high recurrence rate after surgery are major concerns during the treatment course of tenosynovial giant cell tumor. The aims of this study were to elucidate rates of local recurrence and osteochondral destruction, and demographic factors correlated with osteochondral destruction and recurrence rate after surgery. Methods: Eighty surgically treated patients (knee: 49, ankle and foot: 12, hip: 10, others: 9) were included in this study. Factors including age, disease type (diffuse/localized), location, existence of osteochondral destruction were analyzed to be correlated with local recurrence or development/progression of osteochondral destruction. Results: The 5-year local recurrence free survival rate was 71.4 %. Diffuse type (n=59, localized: n=21) (P=0.023) and knee location (P=0.002) were independent risk factors for local recurrence. Diffuse type (P=0. 009) was a significant risk factor, and knee location (P=0. 001) was a negative factor for osteochondral destruction at the initial examination. Progression of osteochondral destruction was observed more often in cases with local recurrence (P=0.040) and findings of osteochondral destruction at the initial examination (P=0.029).Conclusions: Diffuse type is a factor that should be noted for both local recurrence and osteochondral destruction, and local recurrence occurs but osteochondral destruction is less observed for knee location.