Production of sheep milk cheese with high γ-aminobutyric acid and ornithine concentration and with reduced biogenic amines level using autochthonous lactic acid bacteria strains

Consumer demand for health-promoting foods is generating the need to develop biofunctional dairy products. Lactic acid bacteria are employed in cheese-making and some of them are able to produce beneficial compounds on human health such as γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and ornithine but also to synthetize biogenic amines. The aim was to investigate the effect of four selected autochthonous co-cultures on the free amino acid profile, with special emphasis on GABA and ornithine, and on the biogenic amine content of pasteurized sheep milk cheese during ripening. High average concentrations of GABA (1296.75 mg/kg cheese) and ornithine (2355.76 mg/kg cheese) were found in all the cheese batches at 240 days of ripening. Batch 2, manufactured with the co-culture containing autochthonous Lactococcus lactis strains as starter and Lactobacillus plantarum TAUL1588 as adjunct, showed 2.37 fold reduced biogenic amines concentration with respect to the batch 1 made with the starter during the ripening time. The microstructure and microbiological counts of cheeses were affected (P ≤ 0.001) by the ripening time, without appreciating differences (P ≥ 0.05) in the physico-chemical composition between batches. This study could be a good approach to the development of functional sheep milk cheese.