Interventional radiotherapy as exclusive treatment for primary nasal vestibule cancer: single-institution experience

Purpose The aim of this paper was to evaluate treatment outcomes following interventional radiotherapy (brachytherapy - BT) for nasal vestibule cancer. Material and methods Considering histological diagnosis and staging, a multidisciplinary tumor board indicated an exclusive interventional radiotherapy for all patients. Plastic tubes were placed mainly with interstitial approach. The total dose was 44 Gy in 14 fractions, 3 Gy/fraction (except for the first and last fractions, 4 Gy), 2 fractions per day (b.i.d.), 5 days a week. Inclusion criteria for this analysis were: patients affected by squamous cell carcinoma with follow-up more than 6 months. Results 20 patients with primary nasal vestibule cancer were treated with IRT from May 2012 to June 2019. We excluded 4 patients due to follow-up less than 6 months and 2 patients affected by basal cell carcinoma. In total, 14 consecutive previously untreated patients were considered for definitive analysis, median age was 67.5 (range, 51-83) years, median follow-up was 53 (range, 6-84) months. All patients followed the protocol except one, who received a total dose of 42 Gy in 12 fractions, 3 Gy per 6 fractions, and 4 Gy per 6 fractions. Local control at 12, 24, and 36 months was 85.7%. Overall survival at 12 months was 92.3%, at 24 months was 76.9%, and at 36 months was 69.2%. Staging system proposed by Wang was statistically significant on local control (LC), disease-free survival (DFS), disease-specific survival (DSS), and overall survival (OS). Excellent cosmetic results were observed. Conclusions This study confirms that interventional radiotherapy could be considered as a definitive treatment in nasal vestibule cancer with excellent oncological and cosmetic outcomes.