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Kaposi's Sarcoma Pathogenesis: A Link between Immunology and Tumor Biology
- Source :
- Critical Reviews™ in Oncogenesis. 9:107-124
- Publication Year :
- 1998
- Publisher :
- Begell House, 1998.
-
Abstract
- Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) was a rare disease in Europe and North America until a decade ago, when it became the most common neoplasm complicating the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), where it acquires an aggressive course. Clinical and experimental data suggest that, at least in early stage, KS may not be a true sarcoma, but an hyperplastic-proliferative lesion that may regress. At least three components characterize KS lesions: (1) neoangiogenesis and proliferation of spindle-shaped cells of endothelial and macrophage cell origin, some of which may originate from a circulating precursor; (2) a cellular infiltrate represented by macrophages, lymphoid cells, mast cells, and neutrophils; and (3) the infection of spindle cells and mononuclear cells with a new virus of the Herpesvirinae family defined KS-associated herpesvirus or human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8). KS lesions are highly responsive, in terms of growth, to inflammatory cytokines (IC) and many lesional cell components are able to secrete cytokines and chemokines, which induce paracrine-autocrine mechanisms of growth, angiogenesis, and promote further cellular recruitment. The association between HHV-8 and KS is close; however, the role of the virus in KS development is yet unknown. Nevertheless, the virus has the potential to encode for homologs of cellular cytokines and some chemokines and its reactivation is sensitive to stimuli provided by IC. This review focuses on these aspects of KS pathogenesis, trying to reconcile many of the clinical and experimental observations. Finally, the role of the HIV-1 Tat protein as a factor of progression in AIDS-KS as well as the role of cellular and HHV-8 encoded proto-oncogenes as factors and markers of progression of KS to a true malignancy is reviewed.
- Subjects :
- Cancer Research
Chemokine
Angiogenesis
Mice, Nude
Biology
Virus
Proinflammatory cytokine
Pathogenesis
Immunocompromised Host
Interferon-gamma
Mice
medicine
Animals
Humans
Sarcoma, Kaposi
Kaposi's sarcoma
Immunity, Cellular
Neovascularization, Pathologic
medicine.disease
Lymphocyte Subsets
Cellular Infiltrate
Gene Products, tat
Herpesvirus 8, Human
Immunology
Disease Progression
HIV-1
biology.protein
Cytokines
tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Sarcoma
Chemokines
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 08939675
- Volume :
- 9
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Critical Reviews™ in Oncogenesis
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....c4754439f2fce76b2c0447f9468c8e34