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Type 2 diabetes mellitus and other cardiovascular risk factors are no more common during menopause
- Source :
- Menopause. 16:817-821
- Publication Year :
- 2009
- Publisher :
- Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), 2009.
-
Abstract
- Objective The aim of this study was to undertake a prospective study of the changes in certain risk factors for cardiovascular disease occurring during menopause. Methods A longitudinal cohort study of 475 women was followed up for 6 years (Pizarra Study). The final menstrual period was defined after at least 6 months of amenorrhea. The women were classified into three groups: group 1, no menopause at either the first or second study; group 2, no menopause at the first study but menopause at the second study (6 y later); and group 3, menopause at the first study (and also at the second). The following are the main outcome measures used: age; body mass index; waist circumference; waist-to-hip ratio; skinfold thickness; arm circumference; intake of macronutrients (quantitative questionnaire); systolic and diastolic blood pressures; cholesterol, triglycerides; high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; uric acid; homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; and the prevalence of obesity, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, impaired glucose tolerance, and impaired fasting glucose. Results None of the cardiovascular risk factors studied changed during the passage from premenopause to postmenopause, independently of age or physical activity. Conclusions Menopause is a biological condition of the human species, for which has recently received attempts at medicalization that were not always justified. If menopause is not accompanied by any other cardiovascular risk factor independently of age, the stigma of menopause being considered a risk factor should cease. Although the results have the strength of a prospective study, the sample size forced us to consider these findings as preliminary.
- Subjects :
- Adult
medicine.medical_specialty
Blood Pressure
Body Mass Index
Cohort Studies
Impaired glucose tolerance
Waist–hip ratio
Risk Factors
Internal medicine
Glucose Intolerance
medicine
Humans
Longitudinal Studies
Obesity
Prospective Studies
Prospective cohort study
Aged
Waist-Hip Ratio
business.industry
Obstetrics and Gynecology
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Middle Aged
medicine.disease
Impaired fasting glucose
Lipids
Diet
Menopause
Skinfold Thickness
Endocrinology
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
Cardiovascular Diseases
Spain
Hypertension
Female
Amenorrhea
Insulin Resistance
Waist Circumference
medicine.symptom
business
Cohort study
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 10723714
- Volume :
- 16
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Menopause
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....c5281a3cf36515e7abfc8d59b45f369e