Вплив хімічного складу розчинників на ступінь очищення поверхні перед напиленням йонно-плазмових покриттів

The article presents the results of studies of the influence of different classes of solvents on oil-containing contaminants on the surface of carbon steel details before applying of ion-plasma coatings. The solvents used were as follows: C6H14, C8H18, C6H6, CHCl3, CCl4, C2H4Cl2, C2H5OH, C4H9OH, С2Н5ОСОСН3, NaOH, HCl. The surface pollutants were solidol and lubricant-cooling liquid (LCL) Ukrinol-4. For solididol-treated specimens, the best result was recorded in a non-polar C8H18 octane solvent and a low-polar С2Н5ОСОСН3 ethylethanoate solvent for which the weight loss exceeded 1 %. Non-polar solvents of hexane C6H14, benzene C6H6 and chloro substituted hydrocarbons also showed a good degree of purification with a weight loss of more than 0.5 %. Most preferred among these are CHCl3 trichloromethane and C2H4Cl2 dichloroethane, a slightly worse indicator in CCl4 tetrachloromethane inert solvent. The degree of purification by non-polar solvents improved with increasing molar mass of the solvent and saturation with hydrogen, and with chloro-substituted hydrocarbons – with increasing saturation with Chlorine. The best results of alcohol purification were found in isobutanol C4H9OH. The details in alkaline and acidic solutions and in ethanol C2H5OH remained undetected. Specimens treated with the LCL of Ukrinol-4 were washed with all solvents, no traces of oils were detected visually at any observation. The best result was found for the following solvents: CCl4 tetrachloromethane, C2H5OH ethanol, C6H14 hexane and C2H4Cl2 dichloroethane, which indicates a significant surface-active substances (SAS) contribution and additives in the LCL composition. The ability to purify increases in the following order: alkaline and acidic solutions ® alcohols ® chloro substituted hydrocarbons ® non-polar and low-polar solvents. Physicochemical properties were investigated and the content of by-products in HLP oils for hydraulic systems and machine guides was determined. The IR spectrum of fresh and used oils have been compared. It is established that during the operation oil oxidizes. Most of the exploitation process had an increase in acid number (three times) and water content (nine times).