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In vitro tests aiding ecological risk assessment of ciprofloxacin, tamoxifen and cyclophosphamide in range of concentrations released in hospital wastewater and surface water
- Source :
- Environment International, Vol 63, Iss, Pp 191-200 (2014), Environment International, Environment International, Elsevier, 2014, 63, pp.191-200. ⟨10.1016/j.envint.2013.11.011⟩
- Publication Year :
- 2013
-
Abstract
- Ciprofloxacin (CIP), tamoxifen (TAM) and cyclophosphamide (CP) which are often used in anticancer treatment are released in hospital effluent and into the environment. Although the concentrations are low (from ng/L to μg/L), no data exist concerning their ecotoxicological impact. In this study two biomarkers of early effect were performed on hepatic cells (HepG2): cell viability and genotoxicity (DNA breaks) using cell proliferative assay and comet assay, respectively. These data were compared with two standardized ecotoxicological tests: algaltoxkit F™ and microtox®. Cells were exposed to an increasing amount of an individual drug or in a mixture for 24, 48 or 72 h. The time-exposure of bacteria and algae ranged between 5 and 30 min and 72 h, respectively. A non-monotonic dose–response on cell viability was observed when HepG2 cells were exposed to TAM alone or in the presence of CIP. The same scheme was observed with microtox® when the bacteria were exposed to the mixtures. On the other side, an individual drug does not induce any DNA breaks on hepatic cells, whereas a mixture leads to a dose dependent increase of DNA breaks. Similarly a positive response was observed with algaltoxkit F™ only with mixtures. Synergistic effects observed when drugs are in a mixture highlight the importance of investigating the ecotoxicological effects of contaminants at low concentrations and in mixtures. Keywords: Ciprofloxacin, Tamoxifen, Cyclophosphamide, Wastewater, Hormesis, Bioassays
- Subjects :
- Cell Survival
Cell
Ecological Parameter Monitoring
Pharmacology
Biology
Wastewater
medicine.disease_cause
Medical Waste
Risk Assessment
Bioassays
Hormesis
Ciprofloxacin
medicine
Génie chimique
Bioassay
Humans
Viability assay
Génie des procédés
Cyclophosphamide
lcsh:Environmental sciences
Ecosystem
General Environmental Science
Cell Proliferation
lcsh:GE1-350
[SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering
Hep G2 Cells
biology.organism_classification
6. Clean water
In vitro
Comet assay
Tamoxifen
medicine.anatomical_structure
Hepatocytes
[SDV.TOX.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology
Comet Assay
Genotoxicity
Bacteria
medicine.drug
DNA Damage
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 18736750 and 01604120
- Volume :
- 63
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Environment international
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....c8be3b68f7475a0337e6915c9271e835