Growth activity in hyperplastic and neoplastic human thyroid determined by an immunohistochemical staining procedure using monoclonal antibody MIB-1

To increase our understanding of the basic biological mechanisms of thyroid diseases, growth activity (GA) in 232 thyroid lesions was determined by immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibody MIB-1. The GA tended to be higher in hyperplastic lesions, adenomatous goiter (MIB-1-positive cell rate, 0.73%), and Graves' disease (1.68%) than in normal tissue (0.19%). The GA for differentiated thyroid carcinomas (2.00%) was much lower than for adenocarcinomas of other organs, such as breast, lung, stomach and colon (44.67%). Of the thyroid carcinomas, the highest GA was observed in undifferentiated carcinomas (32.67%), and follicular carcinomas (3.18%) showed a higher GA than papillary carcinomas (1.83%). There was no significant difference between the GA of follicular carcinomas and solid/trabecular adenomas, although widely invasive follicular carcinomas showed a higher GA than minimally invasive carcinomas. No significant correlations between GA and patient age, sex, and tumor diameter, metastasis, or histological features were observed in papillary carcinomas. Familial medullary carcinomas showed a higher GA than sporadic tumors. All latent papillary carcinomas had a very low GA. Our findings suggest that immunohistochemical investigation using the antibody MIB-1 contributes to the understanding of growth characteristics and biological activities in thyroid diseases.