In vitro Investigation of the Antimicrobial Activity of Mouth Washes Incorporating Zein-Coated Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles

Ghada H Naguib,1,2 Gamal S Abd El-Aziz,3 Hisham A Mously,4 Wafaa A Alhazmi,5 Abeer M Alnowaiser,6 Ali H Hassan,7 Mohamed T Hamed4,8 1Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; 2Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; 3Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; 4Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; 5Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; 6Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; 7Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; 8Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, EgyptCorrespondence: Mohamed T HamedDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, P.O.Box 80209, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi ArabiaEmail mthamed@kau.edu.saPurpose: This in vitro study was undertaken to investigate the antimicrobial effect of distinctive oral mouth washes after the addition of zein-coated (Magnesium oxide) MgO nanoparticles on exemplary of some oral microorganisms.Materials and Methods: Three hundred and twelve samples were used in this study. A set of five concentrations of MgO nanoparticles with zein and without zein-coating were incorporated into three oral mouth washes: Listerine zero, Listerine total control and Oral B in the mass percentages of 0.3%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 5% and 10%, in addition to controls with no MgO nanoparticles. The antimicrobial effect of three mouth washes with variable concentrations of MgO was tested against the following organisms: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans using the disc diffusion test (DDT) and direct contact test (DCT). Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA statistical test.Results: The tested mouthwashes with zein-coated MgO nanoparticles showed significant differences of antimicrobial activity on S. mutans, S. aureus, E. faecalis, and C. albicans in the disc diffusion test. While in the DCT, all tested mouthwashes with MgO nanoparticles with and without zein coating showed antimicrobial activity on all tested microorganisms.Conclusion: Zein-coated MgO nanoparticles may be considered as a potential antimicrobial agent when added to oral mouthwashes. Future analysis, including in vivo studies, is required in order to incorporate zein/MgO nanoparticles into oral mouthwashes that may improve its antibacterial property.Keywords: MgO, nanoparticles, zein polymer, antibacterial, mouthwash