Back to Search
Start Over
The concentration of heavy metals in noodle samples from Iran’s market: probabilistic health risk assessment
The concentration of heavy metals in noodle samples from Iran’s market: probabilistic health risk assessment
- Source :
- Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 25:30928-30937
- Publication Year :
- 2018
- Publisher :
- Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2018.
-
Abstract
- In the current study, the concentration of heavy metals including lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), and aluminum (Al) in commonly instant noodles consumed in Iran (either imported from other countries or produced in Iran) was investigated by acid digestion method followed by an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry system (ICP-OES). Also, the associated non-carcinogenic risk due to ingestion of heavy metals for adults and children was estimated by calculating percentile 95% target hazard quotient (THQ) in the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) method. The average concentrations of Pb, Cr, Cd, and Al in Iranian instant noodle samples were measured as 1.21 ± 0.81, 0.08 ± 0.10, 0.03 ± 0.06, and 9.15 ± 4.82 (mg/kg) and in imported instant noodle samples were 1.00 ± 0.61, 0.07 ± 0.07, 0.04 ± 0.03, and 15.90 ± 0.93 (mg/kg), respectively. A significant difference (p value 0.05) in the mean concentration of Pb, Cr, Cd, and Al of Iranian instant noodle and imported instant noodle samples was observed. Also, the concentration of Pb, Cr, Cd, and Al in all brands of instant noodle (0.025 mg/kg, 0.050 mg/kg, 0.003 mg/kg, and 0.237 mg/kg, respectively) surpassed the WHO-permitted limits for Pb, Cr, Cd, and Al. Percentile 95% of THQ of Pb, Cr, Cd, and Al for the adult consumers was calculated as 0.012, 0.000007, 0.010, and 1.789; while in the case of children, percentile 95% of THQ of Pb, Cr, Cd, and Al was defined as 0.044, 0.00023, 0.035, and 6.167, respectively. Health risk assessment indicated that both adults and children are at considerable non-carcinogenic health risk for Al (THQ 1). Therefore, approaching the required strategies in order to reduce the concentration of heavy metals particularly Al in the instant noodle is recommended.
- Subjects :
- Adult
Percentile
Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
chemistry.chemical_element
Food Contamination
Iran
010501 environmental sciences
Risk Assessment
01 natural sciences
Chromium
0404 agricultural biotechnology
Dietary Carbohydrates
Humans
Environmental Chemistry
Food science
Child
0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Cadmium
Health risk assessment
04 agricultural and veterinary sciences
General Medicine
040401 food science
Pollution
Hazard quotient
chemistry
Metals
Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy
Inductively coupled plasma
Monte Carlo Method
Environmental Monitoring
Instant
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 16147499 and 09441344
- Volume :
- 25
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Environmental Science and Pollution Research
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....d20ef51d0a79f33947ac716eddb9464c
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-3030-y