En bloc transurethral resection with 2-micron continuous-wave laser for primary non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: a randomized controlled trial

To evaluate the practicability of en bloc transurethral resection with 2-micron continuous-wave laser as treatment for primary non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC).This was a single-center, randomized, controlled trial involving 142 patients with newly diagnosed NMIBC. All patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive either laser treatment or conventional transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT). All patients received intravesical chemotherapy. Follow-up was performed in 18 months. Primary outcome measure was difference of tumor recurrence rate at the end of study.Baseline characteristics did not differ between patients in two groups. Operation time was longer in laser group than in TURBT group (56.5 ± 37.4 vs. 41.0 ± 29.4 min, P = 0.017). Obturator nerve reflection was noted during TURBT in 18 patients, whereas none was noted during laser resection. Number of T1 tumors was higher in the laser group (25 vs. 15, P = 0.047). According to Kaplan-Meier survival curves, there was no statistical difference in the rate of recurrence in 18 months (P = 0.383). All recurrences were out of the site of first resection, and there was no progression in tumor grade.Two-micron continuous-wave laser did not diminish tumor recurrence rate in primary NMIBC for 18-months observation. However, T1 tumors were significantly higher among laser group. Clear and complete tumor bases were easily conserved by laser resection, which may enable pathologists to distinguish the T stages of bladder cancer more easily. Further studies need to be done in future.