Importance of Healthy Lifestyle Factors and Ideal Cardiovascular Health Metrics for Risk of Heart Failure in Chinese Adults

Background: The relative importance of a healthy lifestyle factors and cardiovascular health metrics for risk of heart failure is uncertain.Objectives: To compare the strength of associations of healthy lifestyle factors versus ideal cardiovascular health metrics for risk of heart failure in middle-aged Chinese adults. Methods: A healthy lifestyle score (HLS) was constructed using smoking, drinking, physical activity, diet, body mass index, and waist circumference and compared with the addition of blood pressure, blood glucose and blood lipids to construct ideal cardiovascular health metrics (ICVHMs) in 487 197 participants in the China Kadoorie Biobank. Results: A total of 4 208 incident cases of heart failure were recorded during a median follow-up of 10 years. Both HLS (HR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.85, 0.91) and ICVHMs (0.87: 0.84, 0.89) were inversely associated with risk of heart failure (P