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Administration of Protocatechuic Acid Reduces Traumatic Brain Injury-Induced Neuronal Death
- Source :
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences, International Journal of Molecular Sciences; Volume 18; Issue 12; Pages: 2510, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 18, Iss 12, p 2510 (2017)
- Publication Year :
- 2017
-
Abstract
- Protocatechuic acid (PCA) was first purified from green tea and has shown numerous biological activities, including anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-atherosclerotic effects. The effect of PCA on traumatic brain injury (TBI)-induced neuronal death has not previously been evaluated. TBI is defined as damage to the brain resulting from external mechanical force, such as rapid acceleration or deceleration, impact, blast waves, or penetration by a projectile. TBI causes neuronal death in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. The present study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of PCA on TBI-induced neuronal death. Here, TBI was induced by a controlled cortical impact model using rats. PCA (30 mg/kg) was injected into the intraperitoneal (ip) space immediately after TBI. Neuronal death was evaluated with Fluoro Jade-B (FJB) staining at 24 h after TBI. Oxidative injury was detected by 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4HNE), glutathione (GSH) concentration was analyzed by glutathione adduct with N-ethylmaleimide (GS-NEM) staining at 24 h after TBI, and microglial activation in the hippocampus was detected by CD11b immunohistochemistry at one week after TBI. We found that the proportion of degenerating neurons, oxidative injury, GSH depletion, and microglia activation in the hippocampus and cortex were all reduced by PCA treatment following TBI. Therefore, our study suggests that PCA may have therapeutic potential in preventing TBI-induced neuronal death.
- Subjects :
- 0301 basic medicine
Male
Apoptosis
Cell Count
Pharmacology
Hippocampus
lcsh:Chemistry
chemistry.chemical_compound
0302 clinical medicine
Brain Injuries, Traumatic
Hydroxybenzoates
neuron death
microglial activation
lcsh:QH301-705.5
Spectroscopy
Cerebral Cortex
Neurons
Microglia
biology
Cell Death
traumatic brain injury
General Medicine
Computer Science Applications
medicine.anatomical_structure
Neuroprotective Agents
Integrin alpha M
Cerebral cortex
Anesthesia
protocatechuic acid
medicine.symptom
Neuron death
Traumatic brain injury
oxidative injury
Inflammation
Catalysis
Article
Inorganic Chemistry
03 medical and health sciences
medicine
Animals
Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Molecular Biology
Organic Chemistry
Glutathione
Macrophage Activation
medicine.disease
nervous system diseases
Rats
Disease Models, Animal
Oxidative Stress
030104 developmental biology
lcsh:Biology (General)
lcsh:QD1-999
chemistry
nervous system
biology.protein
030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 14220067
- Volume :
- 18
- Issue :
- 12
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- International journal of molecular sciences
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....d36ee55ae5f5450d1055a5046152927c