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Analysis of the human Y-chromosome haplogroup Q characterizes ancient population movements in Eurasia and the Americas
- Source :
- BMC Biology, Vol 17, Iss 1, Pp 1-14 (2019), BMC Biology
- Publication Year :
- 2019
- Publisher :
- BMC, 2019.
-
Abstract
- Background Recent genome studies of modern and ancient samples have proposed that Native Americans derive from a subset of the Eurasian gene pool carried to America by an ancestral Beringian population, from which two well-differentiated components originated and subsequently mixed in different proportion during their spread in the Americas. To assess the timing, places of origin and extent of admixture between these components, we performed an analysis of the Y-chromosome haplogroup Q, which is the only Pan-American haplogroup and accounts for virtually all Native American Y chromosomes in Mesoamerica and South America. Results Our analyses of 1.5 Mb of 152 Y chromosomes, 34 re-sequenced in this work, support a “coastal and inland routes scenario” for the first entrance of modern humans in North America. We show a major phase of male population growth in the Americas after 15 thousand years ago (kya), followed by a period of constant population size from 8 to 3 kya, after which a secondary sign of growth was registered. The estimated dates of the first expansion in Mesoamerica and the Isthmo-Colombian Area, mainly revealed by haplogroup Q-Z780, suggest an entrance in South America prior to 15 kya. During the global constant population size phase, local South American hints of growth were registered by different Q-M848 sub-clades. These expansion events, which started during the Holocene with the improvement of climatic conditions, can be ascribed to multiple cultural changes rather than a steady population growth and a single cohesive culture diffusion as it occurred in Europe. Conclusions We established and dated a detailed haplogroup Q phylogeny that provides new insights into the geographic distribution of its Eurasian and American branches in modern and ancient samples. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12915-018-0622-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
- Subjects :
- Genetics and Molecular Biology (all)
Mesoamerica
Physiology
Human Y-chromosome variation
Haplogroup Q phylogeny
Plant Science
Biochemistry
Haplogroup
Origin of Eurasians
Origin of Native Americans
Peopling of the Americas
Biotechnology
Structural Biology
Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (all)
Agricultural and Biological Sciences (all)
Developmental Biology
Cell Biology
0302 clinical medicine
lcsh:QH301-705.5
Holocene
Phylogeny
0303 health sciences
education.field_of_study
Ecology
Population size
Europe
Gene pool
General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Research Article
Evolution
Population
Biology
Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
White People
03 medical and health sciences
Behavior and Systematics
Population growth
Humans
education
030304 developmental biology
Chromosomes, Human, Y
Haplotype
Genetic Variation
Genetics, Population
Haplotypes
lcsh:Biology (General)
Evolutionary biology
Indians, North American
Americas
030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 17417007
- Volume :
- 17
- Issue :
- 1
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- BMC Biology
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....d37c10991628b896216c3f84d0188d15