IL-7 immunotherapy for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a patient with already controlled HIV-1 infection on antiretroviral therapy

International audience; The incidence of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) among patients living with HIV (PML-HIV) decreased in the antiretroviral therapy (ART) era. JC virus (JCV) infection of the brain remains a devastating disease. Given the lack of drugs controlling JCV, initiation of ART and subsequent recovery of JCV-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell immune responses remain the only therapeutic option. Although the 1-year survival rate increased from 10% to 50%, other strategies are required.