Use of transoesophageal echocardiography in the diagnosis of pulmonary arterio-venous malformations

A 50-year-old woman was referred to our cardiology department as part of an investigation for a possible cardiac embolic source of an ischaemic cerebral event. There was a strong maternal family history of hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). The patient was a non-smoker and was not on the oral contraceptive pill. She presented to her optician with visual loss and was …