Donor Ethnicity and Kidney Transplant Outcomes in African Americans

Background Transplantation of African American (AA) compared to non-AA donor kidneys is generally associated with inferior outcomes. It is unclear whether enhanced genetic risk associated with AA donor kidneys would be counterbalanced by favorable immunologic matching when AA donor kidneys are transplanted into AA recipients. We aimed to compare the outcomes of AA vs non-AA deceased-donor kidneys (DDKs) stratified by kidney donor profile index (KDPI) that were transplanted into AA recipients. Methods Using the Organ Procurement and Transplant Network/United Network for Organ Sharing database, we identified AA DDK recipients from 2000 to 2015 who received peri-operative induction followed by calcineurin inhibitor/mycophenolate mofetil maintenance. These patients were divided into 4 KDPI groups (0%-20%, 21%-50%, 51%-85%, and 86%-100%). Adjusted long-term graft and patient outcomes were compared between AA recipients of kidneys from AA vs non-AA donors in each KDPI category using a multivariable Cox model. Results Among a total of 17,516 AA DDK transplant recipients, 3303 were in KDPI 0%-20% (AA donor = 239; non-AA donor = 3064), 5821 in KDPI 21%-50% (AA donor = 1414; non-AA donor = 4407), 6364 in KDPI 51%-85% (AA donor = 1619; non-AA donor = 4745), and 2028 in KDPI 86%-100% (AA donor = 932; non-AA donor = 1096) groups. Adjusted overall graft, death-censored graft, and patient survival were similar between AA recipients of AA vs non-AA donor kidneys across all KDPI groups. Discussion Our study showed similar outcomes for transplanting AA vs non-AA deceased-donor kidneys into AA recipients despite the generally observed inferior outcomes associated with AA donor kidney transplantation.