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Sperm associated antigen 7 is activated by T3 during Xenopus tropicalis metamorphosis via a thyroid hormone response element within the first intron
- Source :
- Dev Growth Differ
- Publication Year :
- 2022
- Publisher :
- Wiley, 2022.
-
Abstract
- Thyroid hormone (T3) affects many diverse physiological processes such as metabolism, organogenesis, and growth. The two highly related frog species, diploid Xenopus tropicalis and pseudo tetraploid Xenopus laevis, have been used as models for analyzing the effects of T3 during vertebrate development. T3 regulates T3-inducible gene transcription through T3 receptor (TR)-binding to T3-response elements (TREs). We have previously identified sperm associated antigen 7 (spag7) as a candidate T3 target gene that is potentially involved in adult stem cell development and/or proliferation during intestinal metamorphosis. To investigate whether T3 regulates spag7 directly at the transcriptional level via TR, we first conducted qRT-PCR to analyze its expression during natural and T3-induced metamorphosis and found that spag7 was up-regulated during natural metamorphosis in the intestine, tail, brain and hindlimb, peaking at the climax of metamorphosis in all those organs, and upon T3 treatment of premetamorphic tadpoles. Next, we demonstrated that an intronic TRE in spag7, first identified through bioinformatic analysis, could bind to TR in vitro and in vivo during metamorphosis. A dual luciferase assay utilizing a reconstituted frog oocyte transcription system showed that the TRE could mediate promoter activation by liganded TR. These results indicate that spag7 expression is directly regulated by T3 through the TRE in the first intron during metamorphosis, implicating a role for spag7 early during T3-regulated tissue remodeling and resorption.
- Subjects :
- Male
Thyroid Hormones
Xenopus
media_common.quotation_subject
Organogenesis
Response Elements
Article
Xenopus laevis
Transcription (biology)
Animals
Metamorphosis
Receptor
media_common
Hormone response element
Thyroid hormone receptor
biology
Metamorphosis, Biological
Intron
Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
Cell Biology
biology.organism_classification
Spermatozoa
Introns
Cell biology
Triiodothyronine
Developmental Biology
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 1440169X and 00121592
- Volume :
- 64
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Development, Growth & Differentiation
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....d5697cda4b4cb503e44d8875d4773c15