Bio inspired shielding strategies for nanoparticle drug delivery applications

Nanoparticle delivery systems offer advantages over free drugs, in that they increase solubility and biocompatibility. Nanoparticles can deliver a high payload of therapeutic molecules while limiting off target side effects. Therefore, delivery of an existing drug with a nanoparticle frequently results in an increased therapeutic index. Whether of synthetic or biologic origin, nanoparticle surface coatings are often required to reduce immune clearance and thereby increase circulation times allowing the carriers to reach their target site. To this end, polyethylene glycol (PEG) has long been used, with several PEGylated products reaching clinical use. Unfortunately, the growing use of PEG in consumer products has led to an increasing prevalence of PEG-specific antibodies in the human population, which in turn has fueled the search for alternative coating strategies. This review highlights alternative bio-inspired nanoparticle shielding strategies, which may be more beneficial moving forward than PEG and other synthetic polymer coatings.