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Measurement and Manipulation of the Charge State of an Adsorbed Oxygen Adatom on the Rutile TiO2(110)-1×1 Surface by nc-AFM and KPFM
- Source :
- Zhang, Q, Li, Y J, Wen, H F, Adachi, Y, Miyazaki, M, Sugawara, Y, Xu, R, Cheng, Z H, Brindiar, J, Kantorovitch, L & Štich, I 2018, ' Measurement and Manipulation of the Charge State of Adsorbed Oxygen Adatom on Rutile TiO2(110)-1×1 Surface by nc-AFM and KPFM ', Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol. 46, pp. 15668-15674 . https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.8b07745
- Publication Year :
- 2018
- Publisher :
- American Chemical Society (ACS), 2018.
-
Abstract
- For the first time, the charge states of adsorbed oxygen adatoms on the rutile TiO2(110)-1×1 surface are successfully measured and deliberately manipulated by a combination of noncontact atomic force microscopy and Kelvin probe force microscopy at 78 K under ultrahigh vacuum and interpreted by extensive density functional theory modeling. Several kinds of single and double oxygen adatom species are clearly distinguished and assigned to three different charge states: Oad-/2Oad-, Oad2-/2Oad2-, and Oad--Oad2-, i.e., formal charges of either one or two electrons per atom. Because of the strong atomic-scale image contrast, these states are clearly resolved. The observations are supported by measurements of the short-range force and local contact potential difference as a function of the tip-sample distance as well as simulations. Comparison with the simulations suggests subatomic resolution by allowing us to resolve the rotated oxygen p orbitals. In addition, we manage to reversibly switch the charge states of the oxygen adatoms between the Oad- and Oad2- states, both individually and next to another oxygen, by modulating the frequency shift at constant positive voltage during both charging and discharging processes, i.e., by the tip-induced electric field of one orientation. This work provides a novel route for the investigation of the charge state of the adsorbates and opens up novel prospects for studying transition-metal-oxide-based catalytic reactions.
- Subjects :
- Kelvin probe force microscope
Chemistry
Charge (physics)
02 engineering and technology
General Chemistry
Electron
021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology
01 natural sciences
Biochemistry
Molecular physics
Catalysis
Colloid and Surface Chemistry
Atomic orbital
Electric field
0103 physical sciences
Atom
Density functional theory
010306 general physics
0210 nano-technology
Volta potential
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 15205126 and 00027863
- Volume :
- 140
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Journal of the American Chemical Society
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....d65745f1d261227a360edc659543f358