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Modeling the dynamic Nexus among coal consumption, pollutant emissions and real income: empirical evidence from South Africa
- Publication Year :
- 2020
-
Abstract
- This study explores the interaction among coal consumption, pollutant emissions, and real income for South Africa in a multivariate setting. To achieve this objective, annual frequency data spanning from 1965 to 2017 is used for analysis. A series of econometrics tests were conducted ranging from stationarity and non-stationarity tests for unit root properties of the variables under consideration. Empirical evidence finds support for the inverted U-shaped pattern between energy consumption and environmental degradation in South Africa. The Toda-Yamamoto Granger causality test shows a feedback causality between economic growth and carbon dioxide emissions, as well as between GDP and coal consumption. All these highlighted findings have inherent environmental implications. Based on these outcomes, policy directions such as diversification of the South Africa energy mix to renewables and cleaner energy sources and also the adoption of carbon capturing and storage techniques were suggested to engender a cleaner and friendlier environment.
- Subjects :
- causality
coal consumption
Natural resource economics
Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
010501 environmental sciences
pollutant emissions
01 natural sciences
South Africa
Granger causality
Environmental Kuznets Curve
Economics
Environmental Chemistry
Environmental degradation
Economic growth
0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Consumption (economics)
Real income
Models, Statistical
Coal consumption
real income
Energy mix
General Medicine
Energy consumption
Carbon Dioxide
Pollution
Coal
Environmental Pollutants
Unit root
Economic Development
Energy source
Environmental Monitoring
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....d67a9e34089e1bc9a6189deec93c7252